Internal Charging Effects and the Relevant Space Environment

About

ISWAT Team ID: G3-04

Team Leads:

• Yuri Shprits (GFZ Potsdam, Germany), yuri.shprits@gfz-potsdam.de
• T. Paul O'Brien (Aerospace Corp., USA), paul.obrien@aero.org
• Yihua Zheng (NASA/GSFC/CCMC, USA), yihua.zheng@nasa.gov

Communications: See the ISWAT G3-04 team page for an up-to-date list of participants and latest news about the working team.

Validation Campaign in the CCMC CAMEL Framework

Description: The CAMEL campaign focuses on validating the 900 keV and 1800 keV electron fluxes output from various models runs/solutions submitted by the community with observation data from Van Allen Probes for the entire year of 2017. At the minimum, the shorter time periods listed below in 2017 should be covered in the submitted model solutions.

List of Time Periods:

• 2017-01-TP-01: 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z to 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z (entire year)
• 2017-04-TP-02: 2017-04-15T00:00:00Z to 2017-05-16T00:00:00Z
• 2017-09-TP-05: 2017-09-03T00:00:00Z to 2017-09-24T00:00:00Z

List of solutions/model settings and description about them:

• BAS-RBM
  • BAS_RBM_1: The model is very configurable, but for these results it has been configured in a similar way to that used for forecasting (Glauert et al., 2021).
    • Radial diffusion is modeled using the Brautigam and Albert (2000) electromagnetic radial diffusion coefficient.
    • Waves included in the simulation are:
      • Plasmaspheric hiss and lightning-generated whistlers (Glauert et al., 2014)
      • Upper and lower band chorus waves (Reidy et al., 2021)
      • EMIC waves (Ross et al., 2020)
      • Magnetosonic waves (Wong et al., 2022)
    • Collisions with the atmosphere are modeled following Abel and Thorne (1998)
    • The outer radial boundary is set at L*=6.1. The boundary condition is derived using the technique described in Glauert et al., 2018, but it has been applied to the >800 keV flux, rather than the >2 MeV flux.
    • The low energy boundary is set at 100 keV at L*=6.1 and is derived using the same method as Glauert et al., 2018.
    • The inner radial boundary is set at L*=2 and the boundary condition is derived using the same method as used in Glauert et al. (2018).
    • The simulation was started on xx December 2016, using a precomputed steady state as the initial condition. The results from before the 1^st January 2017, when the model was adapting to the conditions at the time, are not given.
  • BAS_RBM_2: The BAS Radiation Belt Model (BAS-RBM) is described in Glauert et al. (2014 a, 2014 b). For this simulation the model is configured as below.
    • Radial diffusion is modelled using the Brautigam and Albert (2000) electromagnetic radial diffusion coefficient.
    • Waves included in the simulation are:
      • Plasmaspheric hiss and lightning-generated whistlers (Glauert et al., 2014)
      • Upper and lower band chorus waves (Reidy et al., 2021)
      • EMIC waves (Ross et al., 2020)
      • Magnetosonic waves (Wong et al., 2022)
    • Collisions with the atmosphere are modelled following Abel and Thorne (1998)
    • The outer radial boundary is set at L*=6.1. The boundary condition is derived using GOES 15 MAGED and EPEAD data for 2017.
    • The low energy boundary is set at 100 keV at L*=6.1 and is derived using the same method as Glauert et al., 2018.
    • The inner radial boundary is set at L*=2 and the boundary condition is derived using the same method as used in Glauert et al. (2018).
    • The initial condition for the simulation is the steady state solution for the input parameters at the start of the simulation.
• Dream3D
  • Notes:
    • The DREAM3D model used for this challenge is an older version. So, it could be a little different from the DREAM3D model at LANL.
    • The outer boundary conditions are calculated at L*=6 using GOES data shared by Dedong Wang.
    • The initial conditions are calculated using Van Allen Probe (VAP) data.
    • The plasmapause location (Lpp) is obtained from Carpenter and Anderson (1992).
    • Loss by Coulomb collision and loss out of the Last Closed Drift Shell (LCDS) are considered.
    • The radial diffusion coefficients from Ozeke et al. (2014) are used.
    • The electron lifetime by hiss waves from Orlova et al. (2016) is used. The hiss waves are effective inside the plasmasphere.
    • Parallel propagating upper-band and lower-band chorus waves are used to calculate the pitch angle – momentum diffusion coefficients. The chorus waves are effective outside of the plasmasphere.
    • Adiabatic invariant grid: 10^−2 < μ [MeV⁄G] < 10^5 with 200 bins, 10^−3 < K [G^1/2 RE] < 10^3 with 100 bins, and 1 < L∗ < 6 with 100 bins
    • Pitch angle and momentum grid: 0 < α [°] < 90 with 180 bins, and 0.1 < E [MeV] < 10 with 400 bins, and 1 < L < 6 with 100 bins
  • Differences of the 2 model settings:
    • Dream3D_1: The wave data for chorus is obtained from the CRRES statistical wave data. The data is divided into three AE* bins.
    • Dream3D_2: Use the chorus wave model from D. Wang et al. (2019) for both upper-band and lower-band waves.
• VERB_3D
  • Note: Taken from what is done in Wang and Shprits (2019).
  • VERB_3D_1: Extract diffusion coefficients to high Kp (greater than 6) using the same Kp scaling
  • VERB_3D_2: Saturate the diffusion coefficients when Kp > 6