Challenge Events
Challenge SEP Events (2023)
Please see the SEPVAL working meeting page for links to the most up-to-date challenge event lists, supporting information, and Rules of Participation. The suprathermal spectra provided below may still be used in the 2023 challenge. We will aim to provide spectra for all challenge event periods by the time of the working meeting.
Challenge SEP Events (2019/2021/2022)
These are the SEP events selected for the SHINE 2019/ISWAT 2021 challenges. See our Next Steps for a description of what is planned for a complete event list that will allow for a thorough validation.
Click on each SEP event below to see images, links to entries in databases, input parameters, plots of GOES proton flux, and proton flux values that will be used for comparison with models.
A single file containing all input parameters and >10, >100 MeV proton measurements for all SEP events can be found under the Model Input Parameters page (updated 2021-04-29).
All of the individual event json files and csv files containing values for >10, >100, >30, >50, and >60 MeV thresholds can be downloaded here - updated 2021-10-21 to reflect the files used for the ISWAT2021 validation presentation:
- GOES integral fluxes (shown throughout this website and used for validation so far): json [ZIP] (with plots)
- SEPEM RSDv2.0 background-subtracted (OpSEP method) and converted to integral fluxes: json [ZIP] (with plots)
- GOES uncorrected differential fluxes with Sandberg et al. 2014 and Bruno 2017 energy bins applied, background-subtracted, then converted to integral fluxes: json [ZIP] (with plots)
Further information about these data sets can be found on the Data Sets page.
Database links:
Flare
| SEP Event Date | Flare Onset Time | Flare Peak Time | Flare End Time | Flare Magnitude | Flare Lat | Flare Lon | Active Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 7, 2012 | 2012-03-07 0:02:00 | 2012-03-07 0:24:00 | 2012-03-07 0:40:00 | X5.4 | N17 | E15 | 1429 |
CME
| SEP Event Date | CME Time at 21.5Rsun | CME Lat | CME Lon | CME HA | CME 3D Velocity (km/s) | Source | CME LASCO C2 First Look Time | CME Plane of Sky Velocity (km/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 7, 2012 | 2012-03-07 1:59:00 | 24 | -29 | 50 | 2040 | NOAA (Hazel) | 2012-03-07 0:24:06 | 2684 |
GOES Proton Measurements
From top to bottom, >10 MeV, >100 MeV, >30 MeV, >50 MeV, >60 MeV fluxes showing threshold (red dashed line), threshold crossings (black dotted lines), estimated onset peak (black circle), and maximum flux (red open circle). Plot will be missing if no threshold was crossed. Note that onset peak algorithm is sometimes tricked (>30 MeV)
All integral fluxes with start and end times for the different energy channels (dashed lines).
Fluence spectrum for integral fluxes calculated by applying the start and stop times derived for each channel.
Download observed values:
- GOES corrected integral fluxes (reported in tables below): json
- SEPEM RSDv2.0 background-subtracted (own method) and converted to integral fluxes: json
- GOES uncorrected differential fluxes with Sandberg et al. 2014 and Bruno 2017 energy bins applied, background-subtracted, then converted to integral fluxes: json
Threshold: >10 MeV exceed 10 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >10 MeV, 10 pfu exceeded | >10 MeV Max Flux Time | >10 MeV Max Flux (pfu) | >10 MeV, 0.85*10 pfu End | >10 MeV Duration (hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 7, 2012 | GOES-13 | 2012-03-07 5:10:00 | 2012-03-08 11:15:00 | 6529.8 | 2012-03-12 22:55:00 | 137.9 | 4.08E+09 | 6.80E+07 |
Threshold: >100 MeV exceeds 1 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >100 MeV, 1 pfu exceeded | >100 MeV Max Flux Time | >100 MeV MaxFlux (pfu) | >100 MeV, 0.85*1 pfu End | >100 MeV Duration (Hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 7, 2012 | GOES-13 | 2012-03-07 4:05:00 | 2012-03-07 15:25:00 | 69.272 | 2012-03-10 14:30:00 | 82.42 | 3.91E+09 | 6.77E+07 |
Seed Population and Solar Wind
Earth
STEREO-A
STEREO-B
Database links:
Flare
| SEP Event Date | Flare Onset Time | Flare Peak Time | Flare End Time | Flare Magnitude | Flare Lat | Flare Lon | Active Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 17, 2012 | 2012-05-17 1:25:00 | 2012-05-17 1:47:00 | 2012-05-17 2:14:00 | M5.1 | N12 | W89 | 1476 |
CME
| SEP Event Date | CME Time at 21.5Rsun | CME Lat | CME Lon | CME HA | CME 3D Velocity (km/s) | Source | CME LASCO C2 First Look Time | CME Plane of Sky Velocity (km/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 17, 2012 | 2012-05-17 4:34:00 | -17 | 71 | 54 | 1263 | NOAA (Hazel) | 2012-05-17 1:48:05 | 1582 |
GOES Proton Measurements
From top to bottom, >10 MeV, >100 MeV, >30 MeV, >50 MeV, >60 MeV fluxes showing threshold (red dashed line), threshold crossings (black dotted lines), estimated onset peak (black circle), and maximum flux (red open circle). Plot will be missing if no threshold was crossed.
All integral fluxes with start and end times for the different energy channels (dashed lines).
Fluence spectrum for integral fluxes calculated by applying the start and stop times derived for each channel.
Download observed values:
- GOES corrected integral fluxes (reported in tables below): json
- SEPEM RSDv2.0 background-subtracted (own method) and converted to integral fluxes: json
- GOES uncorrected differential fluxes with Sandberg et al. 2014 and Bruno 2017 energy bins applied, background-subtracted, then converted to integral fluxes: json
Threshold: >10 MeV exceed 10 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >10 MeV, 10 pfu exceeded | >10 MeV Max Flux Time | >10 MeV Max Flux (pfu) | >10 MeV, 0.85*10 pfu End | >10 MeV Duration (hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 17, 2012 | GOES-13 | 2012-05-17 2:10:00 | 2012-05-17 4:30:00 | 255.44 | 2012-05-18 17:45:00 | 39.58 | 9.61E+07 | 4.12E+06 |
Threshold: >100 MeV exceeds 1 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >100 MeV, 1 pfu exceeded | >100 MeV Max Flux Time | >100 MeV MaxFlux (pfu) | >100 MeV, 0.85*1 pfu End | >100 MeV Duration (Hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 17, 2012 | GOES-13 | 2012-05-17 2:00:00 | 2012-05-17 2:30:00 | 20.445 | 2012-05-17 16:30:00 | 14.5 | 7.43E+07 | 3.80E+06 |
Seed Population and Solar Wind
Earth
STEREO-A
STEREO-B
Database links:
Flare
| SEP Event Date | Flare Onset Time | Flare Peak Time | Flare End Time | Flare Magnitude | Flare Lat | Flare Lon | Active Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 12, 2012 | 2012-07-12 15:37:00 | 2012-07-12 16:49:00 | 2012-07-12 16:49:00 | X1.4 | S14 | W02 | 152 |
CME
| SEP Event Date | CME Time at 21.5Rsun | CME Lat | CME Lon | CME HA | CME 3D Velocity (km/s) | Source | CME LASCO C2 First Look Time | CME Plane of Sky Velocity (km/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 12, 2012 | 2012-07-12 19:35:00 | -17 | -6 | 70 | 1400 | DONKI (Leila) | 2012-07-12 16:48:05 | 885 |
GOES Proton Measurements
From top to bottom, >10 MeV, >100 MeV, >30 MeV, >50 MeV, >60 MeV fluxes showing threshold (red dashed line), threshold crossings (black dotted lines), estimated onset peak (black circle), and maximum flux (red open circle). Plot will be missing if no threshold was crossed.
All integral fluxes with start and end times for the different energy channels (dashed lines).
Fluence spectrum for integral fluxes calculated by applying the start and stop times derived for each channel.
Download observed values:
- GOES corrected integral fluxes (reported in tables below): json
- SEPEM RSDv2.0 background-subtracted (own method) and converted to integral fluxes: json
- GOES uncorrected differential fluxes with Sandberg et al. 2014 and Bruno 2017 energy bins applied, background-subtracted, then converted to integral fluxes: json
Threshold: >10 MeV exceed 10 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >10 MeV, 10 pfu exceeded | >10 MeV Max Flux Time | >10 MeV Max Flux (pfu) | >10 MeV, 0.85*10 pfu End | >10 MeV Duration (hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 12, 2012 | GOES-13 | 2012-07-12 18:35:00 | 2012-07-12 22:25:00 | 96.08 | 2012-07-14 23:00:00 | 52.2 | 6.03E+07 | 8.94E+04 |
Threshold: >100 MeV exceeds 1 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >100 MeV, 1 pfu exceeded | >100 MeV Max Flux Time | >100 MeV MaxFlux (pfu) | >100 MeV, 0.85*1 pfu End | >100 MeV Duration (Hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 12, 2012 | GOES-13 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Seed Population and Solar Wind
Earth
STEREO-A
STEREO-B
Database links:
Flare
| SEP Event Date | Flare Onset Time | Flare Peak Time | Flare End Time | Flare Magnitude | Flare Lat | Flare Lon | Active Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 11, 2013 | 2013-04-11 6:55:00 | 2013-04-11 7:16:00 | 2013-04-11 7:29:00 | M6.5 | N09 | E12 | 1719 |
CME
| SEP Event Date | CME Time at 21.5Rsun | CME Lat | CME Lon | CME HA | CME 3D Velocity (km/s) | Source | CME LASCO C2 First Look Time | CME Plane of Sky Velocity (km/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 11, 2013 | 2013-04-11 11:54:00 | -6 | -17 | 48 | 743 | NOAA (Hazel) | 2013-04-11 7:24:06 | 861 |
GOES Proton Measurements
From top to bottom, >10 MeV, >100 MeV, >30 MeV, >50 MeV, >60 MeV fluxes showing threshold (red dashed line), threshold crossings (black dotted lines), estimated onset peak (black circle), and maximum flux (red open circle). Plot will be missing if no threshold was crossed.
All integral fluxes with start and end times for the different energy channels (dashed lines).
Fluence spectrum for integral fluxes calculated by applying the start and stop times derived for each channel.
Download observed values:
- GOES corrected integral fluxes (reported in tables below): json
- SEPEM RSDv2.0 background-subtracted (own method) and converted to integral fluxes: json
- GOES uncorrected differential fluxes with Sandberg et al. 2014 and Bruno 2017 energy bins applied, background-subtracted, then converted to integral fluxes: json
Threshold: >10 MeV exceed 10 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >10 MeV, 10 pfu exceeded | >10 MeV Max Flux Time | >10 MeV Max Flux (pfu) | >10 MeV, 0.85*10 pfu End | >10 MeV Duration (hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 11, 2013 | GOES-13 | 2013-04-11 10:55:00 | 2013-04-11 16:45:00 | 113.55 | 2013-04-13 0:50:00 | 37.92 | 6.34E+07 | 9.54E+05 |
Threshold: >100 MeV exceeds 1 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >100 MeV, 1 pfu exceeded | >100 MeV Max Flux Time | >100 MeV MaxFlux (pfu) | >100 MeV, 0.85*1 pfu End | >100 MeV Duration (Hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 11, 2013 | GOES-13 | 2013-04-11 9:40:00 | 2013-04-11 14:00:00 | 2.0297 | 2013-04-11 19:25:00 | 9.9 | 2.72E+07 | 7.11E+05 |
Seed Population and Solar Wind
Earth
STEREO-A
STEREO-B
Database links:
Flare
| SEP Event Date | Flare Onset Time | Flare Peak Time | Flare End Time | Flare Magnitude | Flare Lat | Flare Lon | Active Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 6, 2014 | over west limb | - | - | - | - | - | - |
CME
| SEP Event Date | CME Time at 21.5Rsun | CME Lat | CME Lon | CME HA | CME 3D Velocity (km/s) | Source | CME LASCO C2 First Look Time | CME Plane of Sky Velocity (km/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 6, 2014 | 2014-01-06 10:38:00 | 8 | 110 | 85 | 1200 | DONKI (Leila) | 2014-01-06 8:00:05 | 1402 |
GOES Proton Measurements
From top to bottom, >10 MeV, >100 MeV, >30 MeV, >50 MeV, >60 MeV fluxes showing threshold (red dashed line), threshold crossings (black dotted lines), estimated onset peak (black circle), and maximum flux (red open circle). Plot will be missing if no threshold was crossed.
All integral fluxes with start and end times for the different energy channels (dashed lines).
Fluence spectrum for integral fluxes calculated by applying the start and stop times derived for each channel.
Download observed values:
- GOES corrected integral fluxes (reported in tables below): json
- SEPEM RSDv2.0 background-subtracted (own method) and converted to integral fluxes: json
- GOES uncorrected differential fluxes with Sandberg et al. 2014 and Bruno 2017 energy bins applied, background-subtracted, then converted to integral fluxes: json
Threshold: >10 MeV exceed 10 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >10 MeV, 10 pfu exceeded | >10 MeV Max Flux Time | >10 MeV Max Flux (pfu) | >10 MeV, 0.85*10 pfu End | >10 MeV Duration (hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 6, 2014 | GOES-13 | 2014-01-06 9:15:00 | 2014-01-06 16:00:00 | 42.17 | 2014-01-07 19:30:00 | 34.25 | 3.91E+07 | 1.33E+06 |
Threshold: >100 MeV exceeds 1 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >100 MeV, 1 pfu exceeded | >100 MeV Max Flux Time | >100 MeV MaxFlux (pfu) | >100 MeV, 0.85*1 pfu End | >100 MeV Duration (Hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 6, 2014 | GOES-13 | 2014-01-06 8:30:00 | 2014-01-06 10:05:00 | 4.079 | 2014-01-06 18:50:00 | 10.33 | 1.50E+07 | 1.03E+06 |
Seed Population and Solar Wind
Earth
STEREO-A
STEREO-B
Database links:
Flare
| SEP Event Date | Flare Onset Time | Flare Peak Time | Flare End Time | Flare Magnitude | Flare Lat | Flare Lon | Active Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 7, 2014 | 2014-01-07 18:04:00 | 2014-01-07 18:32:00 | 2014-01-07 18:58:00 | X1.2 | S15 | W11 | 1944 |
CME
| SEP Event Date | CME Time at 21.5Rsun | CME Lat | CME Lon | CME HA | CME 3D Velocity (km/s) | Source | CME LASCO C2 First Look Time | CME Plane of Sky Velocity (km/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 7, 2014 | 2017-01-07 20:01:00 | -21 | 21 | 50 | 2048 | NOAA (Hazel) | 2014-01-07 18:24:05 | 1830 |
GOES Proton Measurements
From top to bottom, >10 MeV, >100 MeV, >30 MeV, >50 MeV, >60 MeV fluxes showing threshold (red dashed line), threshold crossings (black dotted lines), estimated onset peak (black circle), and maximum flux (red open circle). Plot will be missing if no threshold was crossed.
All integral fluxes with start and end times for the different energy channels (dashed lines).
Fluence spectrum for integral fluxes calculated by applying the start and stop times derived for each channel.
Download observed values:
- GOES corrected integral fluxes (reported in tables below): json
- SEPEM RSDv2.0 background-subtracted (own method) and converted to integral fluxes: json
- GOES uncorrected differential fluxes with Sandberg et al. 2014 and Bruno 2017 energy bins applied, background-subtracted, then converted to integral fluxes: json
Threshold: >10 MeV exceed 10 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >10 MeV, 10 pfu exceeded | >10 MeV Max Flux Time | >10 MeV Max Flux (pfu) | >10 MeV, 0.85*10 pfu End | >10 MeV Duration (hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 7, 2014 | GOES-13 | 2014-01-07 19:30:00 | 2014-01-09 03:40:00 | 1026.1 | 2014-01-11 20:35:00 | 97.08 | 1.47E+09 | 2.25E+06 |
Threshold: >100 MeV exceeds 1 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >100 MeV, 1 pfu exceeded | >100 MeV Max Flux Time | >100 MeV MaxFlux (pfu) | >100 MeV, 0.85*1 pfu End | >100 MeV Duration (Hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 7, 2014 | GOES-13 | 2014-01-07 20:30:00 | 2014-01-07 22:40:00 | 4.2687 | 2014-01-08 12:45:00 | 16.25 | 4.37E+08 | 1.84E+06 |
Seed Population and Solar Wind
Earth
STEREO-A
STEREO-B
Database links:
Flare
| SEP Event Date | Flare Onset Time | Flare Peak Time | Flare End Time | Flare Magnitude | Flare Lat | Flare Lon | Active Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 14, 2017 | 2017-07-14 1:07:00 | 2017-07-14 2:09:00 | 2017-07-14 3:24:00 | M2.4 | S09 | W33 | 2665 |
CME
| SEP Event Date | CME Time at 21.5Rsun | CME Lat | CME Lon | CME HA | CME 3D Velocity (km/s) | Source | CME LASCO C2 First Look Time | CME Plane of Sky Velocity (km/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 14, 2017 | 2017-07-14 5:29:00 | -9 | 40 | 49 | 750 | DONKI (Barbara Thompson) | 2017-07-14 1:25:41 | 1200 |
GOES Proton Measurements
From top to bottom, >10 MeV, >100 MeV, >30 MeV, >50 MeV, >60 MeV fluxes showing threshold (red dashed line), threshold crossings (black dotted lines), estimated onset peak (black circle), and maximum flux (red open circle). Plot will be missing if no threshold was crossed.
All integral fluxes with start and end times for the different energy channels (dashed lines).
Fluence spectrum for integral fluxes calculated by applying the start and stop times derived for each channel.
Download observed values:
- GOES corrected integral fluxes (reported in tables below): json
- SEPEM RSDv2.0 background-subtracted (OpSEP method) and converted to integral fluxes: SEPEMv2 does not extend beyond 2015.
- GOES uncorrected differential fluxes with Sandberg et al. 2014 and Bruno 2017 energy bins applied, background-subtracted, then converted to integral fluxes: json
Threshold: >10 MeV exceed 10 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >10 MeV, 10 pfu exceeded | >10 MeV Max Flux Time | >10 MeV Max Flux (pfu) | >10 MeV, 0.85*10 pfu End | >10 MeV Duration (hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 14, 2017 | GOES-13 | 2017-07-14 9:00:00 | 2017-07-14 23:20:00 | 22.374 | 2017-07-15 12:15:00 | 27.25 | 1.50E+07 | 7.00E+04 |
Threshold: >100 MeV exceeds 1 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >100 MeV, 1 pfu exceeded | >100 MeV Max Flux Time | >100 MeV MaxFlux (pfu) | >100 MeV, 0.85*1 pfu End | >100 MeV Duration (Hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 14, 2017 | GOES-13 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Seed Population and Solar Wind
Earth
STEREO-A
These SEP events are considered together because the >10 MeV proton flux, elevated following a flare and CME on September 4, 2017, was still above threshold when the second event occurred on September 6, 2017. This is indicated by a prompt increase at higher energies that did not however exceed the >100 MeV flux threshold, but it is difficult to separate the events in the >10 MeV flux. For this reason, this time period may be considered as a single event. For models triggered by flares or CMEs, predictions may be made for the two separate events. For models that generate time profiles, this time period may test how a model performs in a complex scenario with multiple CMEs.
September 4, 2017
September 6, 2017
Database links:
- September 4, 2017
- September 6, 2017
- https://kauai.ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov/DONKI/view/SEP/13081/1 (SEP event measured with SOHO COSTEP energy bins)
Flare
| SEP Event Date | Flare Onset Time | Flare Peak Time | Flare End Time | Flare Magnitude | Flare Lat | Flare Lon | Active Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 4, 2017 | 2017-09-04 20:28:00 | 2017-09-04 20:33:00 | 2017-09-04 20:37:00 | M5.5 | S08 | W16 | 2673 |
| September 6, 2017 | 2017-09-06 11:53:00 | 2017-09-06 12:02:00 | 2017-09-06 12:10:00 | X9.3 | S09 | W34 | 2673 |
CME
| SEP Event Date | CME Time at 21.5Rsun | CME Lat | CME Lon | CME HA | CME 3D Velocity (km/s) | Source | CME LASCO C2 First Look Time | CME Plane of Sky Velocity (km/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 4, 2017 | 2017-09-04 23:10:00 | -24 | 3 | 54 | 1323 | NOAA (Hazel) | 2017-09-04 20:36:05 | 1418 |
| September 6, 2017 | 2017-09-06 14:57:00 | -15 | 23 | 34 | 1816 | DONKI (Andrea Minot) | 2017/09/06 12:24:05 | 1571 |
GOES Proton Measurements for 2017-09-05
From top to bottom, >10 MeV, >100 MeV, >30 MeV, >50 MeV, >60 MeV fluxes showing threshold (red dashed line), threshold crossings (black dotted lines), estimated onset peak (black circle), and maximum flux (red open circle). Plot will be missing if no threshold was crossed. Only the top plot was used to calculate values for this event.
All integral fluxes with start and end times for the different energy channels (dashed lines).
Fluence spectrum for integral fluxes calculated by applying the start and stop times derived for each channel. Only the >10 MeV fluences pertain to this event.
Download observed values:
- GOES corrected integral fluxes (reported in tables below) - the json was modified by hand for this event so that the higher energy event on 9/6 was not included: json
- SEPEM RSDv2.0 background-subtracted (OpSEP method) and converted to integral fluxes: SEPEMv2 does not extend beyond 2015.
- GOES uncorrected differential fluxes with Sandberg et al. 2014 and Bruno 2017 energy bins applied, background-subtracted, then converted to integral fluxes: json
Threshold: >10 MeV exceed 10 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >10 MeV, 10 pfu exceeded | >10 MeV Max Flux Time | >10 MeV Max Flux (pfu) | >10 MeV, 0.85*10 pfu End | >10 MeV Duration (hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 4 and 6, 2017 | GOES-13 | 2017-09-05 0:40:00 | 2017-09-08 0:35:00 | 844.38 | 2017-09-08 15:40:00 | 87.17 | 4.15E+08 | 2.90E+05 |
Threshold: >100 MeV exceeds 1 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >100 MeV, 1 pfu exceeded | >100 MeV Max Flux Time | >100 MeV MaxFlux (pfu) | >100 MeV, 0.85*1 pfu End | >100 MeV Duration (Hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 4 and 6, 2017 | GOES-13 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
GOES Proton Measurements for 2017-09-06
From top to bottom, >10 MeV, >100 MeV, >30 MeV, >50 MeV, >60 MeV fluxes showing threshold (red dashed line), threshold crossings (black dotted lines), estimated onset peak (black circle), and maximum flux (red open circle). Plot will be missing if no threshold was crossed. The top plot was excluded when calculating values for this event.
All integral fluxes with start and end times for the different energy channels (dashed lines).
Fluence spectrum for integral fluxes calculated by applying the start and stop times derived for each channel. Only the >30, >50, and >60 MeV fluences pertain to this event.
Only >30, >50, and >60 MeV fluxes has separate values for validating this event. The >10 MeV fluxes elevated on September 5 and continued to be elevated until September 9. Higher energy fluxes (>30, >50, and >60 MeV) elevated on September 6 as a separate event. The >100 MeV fluxes were not elevated for either event. The values for >30, >50, and >60 MeV can be found in the json files.
Download observed values:
- SEPEM RSDv2.0 background-subtracted (OpSEP method) and converted to integral fluxes: SEPEMv2 does not extend beyond 2015.
Threshold: >10 MeV exceed 10 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >10 MeV, 10 pfu exceeded | >10 MeV Max Flux Time | >10 MeV Max Flux (pfu) | >10 MeV, 0.85*10 pfu End | >10 MeV Duration (hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 6, 2017 | GOES-13 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Threshold: >100 MeV exceeds 1 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >100 MeV, 1 pfu exceeded | >100 MeV Max Flux Time | >100 MeV MaxFlux (pfu) | >100 MeV, 0.85*1 pfu End | >100 MeV Duration (Hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 6, 2017 | GOES-13 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Seed Population and Solar Wind
Earth
STEREO-A
Database links:
Flare
| SEP Event Date | Flare Onset Time | Flare Peak Time | Flare End Time | Flare Magnitude | Flare Lat | Flare Lon | Active Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 10, 2017 | 2017-09-10 15:35:00 | 2017-09-10 16:06:00 | 2017-09-10 16:31:00 | X8.2 | S08 | W88 | 2673 |
CME
| SEP Event Date | CME Time at 21.5Rsun | CME Lat | CME Lon | CME HA | CME 3D Velocity (km/s) | Source | CME LASCO C2 First Look Time | CME Plane of Sky Velocity (km/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 10, 2017 | 2017-09-10 17:36:00 | -9 | 86 | 51 | 2087 | NOAA (Hazel) | 2017-09-10 16:00:05 | 3163 |
GOES Proton Measurements
From top to bottom, >10 MeV, >100 MeV, >30 MeV, >50 MeV, >60 MeV fluxes showing threshold (red dashed line), threshold crossings (black dotted lines), estimated onset peak (black circle), and maximum flux (red open circle). Plot will be missing if no threshold was crossed.
All integral fluxes with start and end times for the different energy channels (dashed lines).
Fluence spectrum for integral fluxes calculated by applying the start and stop times derived for each channel.
Download observed values:
- GOES corrected integral fluxes (reported in tables below): json
- SEPEM RSDv2.0 background-subtracted (OpSEP method) and converted to integral fluxes: SEPEMv2 does not extend beyond 2015
- GOES uncorrected differential fluxes with Sandberg et al. 2014 and Bruno 2017 energy bins applied, background-subtracted, then converted to integral fluxes: json
Threshold: >10 MeV exceed 10 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >10 MeV, 10 pfu exceeded | >10 MeV Max Flux Time | >10 MeV Max Flux (pfu) | >10 MeV, 0.85*10 pfu End | >10 MeV Duration (hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 10, 2017 | GOES-13 | 2017-09-10 16:45:00 | 2017-09-11 11:45:00 | 1493.5 | 2017-09-14 18:50:00 | 98.08 | 1.89E+09 | 4.99E+07 |
Threshold: >100 MeV exceeds 1 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >100 MeV, 1 pfu exceeded | >100 MeV Max Flux Time | >100 MeV MaxFlux (pfu) | >100 MeV, 0.85*1 pfu End | >100 MeV Duration (Hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 10, 2017 | GOES-13 | 2017-09-10 16:25:00 | 2017-09-10 22:15:00 | 68.128 | 2017-09-12 22:40:00 | 54.25 | 1.75E+09 | 4.91E+07 |
Seed Population and Solar Wind
Earth
STEREO-A
Model Input Parameters
Standard Input Parameters
Download an excel file containing all the flare and CME input parameters here [xlsx] (updated 2021-04-29).
Download images reporting all of the seed population input parameters here [zip].
Flare Information
Flare information taken from GOES X-ray measurements
| SEP Event Date | Flare Onset Time | Flare Peak Time | Flare End Time | Flare Magnitude | Flare Lat | Flare Lon | Active Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 7, 2012 | 2012-03-07 0:02:00 | 2012-03-07 0:24:00 | 2012-03-07 0:40:00 | X5.4 | N17 | E15 | 1429 |
| May 17, 2012 | 2012-05-17 1:25:00 | 2012-05-17 1:47:00 | 2012-05-17 2:14:00 | M5.1 | N12 | W89 | 1476 |
| July 12, 2012 | 2012-07-12 15:37:00 | 2012-07-12 16:49:00 | 2012-07-12 16:49:00 | X1.4 | S14 | W02 | 1520 |
| April 11, 2013 | 2013-04-11 6:55:00 | 2013-04-11 7:16:00 | 2013-04-11 7:29:00 | M6.5 | N09 | E12 | 1719 |
| January 6, 2014 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| January 7, 2014 | 2014-01-07 18:04:00 | 2014-01-07 18:32:00 | 2014-01-07 18:58:00 | X1.2 | S15 | W11 | 1944 |
| July 14, 2017 | 2017-07-14 1:07:00 | 2017-07-14 2:09:00 | 2017-07-14 3:24:00 | M2.4 | S09 | W33 | 2665 |
| September 4, 2017 | 2017-09-04 20:28:00 | 2017-09-04 20:33:00 | 2017-09-04 20:37:00 | M5.5 | S08 | W16 | 2673 |
| September 6, 2017 | 2017-09-06 11:53:00 | 2017-09-06 12:02:00 | 2017-09-06 12:10:00 | X9.3 | S09 | W34 | 2673 |
| September 10, 2017 | 2017-09-10 15:35:00 | 2017-09-10 16:06:00 | 2017-09-10 16:31:00 | X8.2 | S08 | W88 | 2673 |
CME Forecast Quality Parameters
NOAA or CCMC Forecaster near Real-Time CME Fits (ENLIL Inner Boundary) | CDAW LASCO CME Catalog Values |
| SEP Event Date | CME Time at 21.5Rsun | CME Lat | CME Lon | CME HA | CME 3D Velocity (km/s) | Source | CME LASCO C2 First Look Time | CME Plane of Sky Velocity (km/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 7, 2012 | 2012-03-07 1:59:00 | 24 | -29 | 50 | 2040 | NOAA (Hazel) | 2012-03-07 0:24:06 | 2684 |
| May 17, 2012 | 2012-05-17 4:34:00 | -17 | 71 | 54 | 1263 | NOAA (Hazel) | 2012-05-17 1:48:05 | 1582 |
| July 12, 2012 | 2012-07-12 19:35:00 | -17 | -6 | 70 | 1400 | DONKI (Leila) | 2012-07-12 16:48:05 | 885 |
| April 11, 2013 | 2013-04-11 11:54:00 | -6 | -17 | 48 | 743 | NOAA (Hazel) | 2013-04-11 7:24:06 | 861 |
| January 6, 2014 | 2014-01-06 10:38:00 | 8 | 110 | 85 | 1200 | DONKI (Leila) | 2014-01-06 8:00:05 | 1402 |
| January 7, 2014 | 2017-01-07 20:01:00 | -21 | 21 | 50 | 2048 | NOAA (Hazel) | 2014-01-07 18:24:05 | 1830 |
| July 14, 2017 | 2017-07-14 5:29:00 | -9 | 40 | 49 | 750 | DONKI (Barbara Thompson) | 2017-07-14 1:25:41 | 1200 |
| September 4, 2017 | 2017-09-04 23:10:00 | -24 | 3 | 54 | 1323 | NOAA (Hazel) | 2017-09-04 20:36:05 | 1418 |
| September 6, 2017 | 2017-09-06 14:57:00 | -15 | 23 | 34 | 1816 | DONKI (Andrea Minot) | 2017/09/06 12:24:05 | 1571 |
| September 10, 2017 | 2017-09-10 17:36:00 | -9 | 86 | 51 | 2087 | NOAA (Hazel) | 2017-09-10 16:00:05 | 3163 |
Suprathermal Seed Spectra
Please see the page dedicated to suprathermal seed spectra to get spectral functions that represent the seed population at 1 AU and guidance about how to scale these populations to radii closer to the sun.
GOES Proton Measurements for >10 MeV, 10 pfu Threshold
Updated 2021-04-29
GOES Proton Measurements | Threshold: >10 MeV exceed 10 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >10 MeV, 10 pfu exceeded | >10 MeV Max Flux Time | >10 MeV Max Flux (pfu) | >10 MeV, 0.85*10 pfu End | >10 MeV Duration (hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 7, 2012 | GOES-13 | 2012-03-07 5:10:00 | 2012-03-08 11:15:00 | 6529.8 | 2012-03-12 22:55:00 | 137.9 | 4.08E+09 | 6.80E+07 |
| May 17, 2012 | GOES-13 | 2012-05-17 2:10:00 | 2012-05-17 4:30:00 | 255.44 | 2012-05-18 17:45:00 | 39.58 | 9.61E+07 | 4.12E+06 |
| July 12, 2012 | GOES-13 | 2012-07-12 18:35:00 | 2012-07-12 22:25:00 | 96.08 | 2012-07-14 23:00:00 | 52.2 | 6.03E+07 | 8.94E+04 |
| April 11, 2013 | GOES-13 | 2013-04-11 10:55:00 | 2013-04-11 16:45:00 | 113.55 | 2013-04-13 0:50:00 | 37.92 | 6.34E+07 | 9.54E+05 |
| January 6, 2014 | GOES-13 | 2014-01-06 9:15:00 | 2014-01-06 16:00:00 | 42.17 | 2014-01-07 19:30:00 | 34.25 | 3.91E+07 | 1.33E+06 |
| January 7, 2014 | GOES-13 | 2014-01-07 19:30:00 | 2014-01-09 03:40:00 | 1026.1 | 2014-01-11 20:35:00 | 97.08 | 1.47E+09 | 2.25E+06 |
| July 14, 2017 | GOES-13 | 2017-07-14 9:00:00 | 2017-07-14 23:20:00 | 22.374 | 2017-07-15 12:15:00 | 27.25 | 1.50E+07 | 7.00E+04 |
| September 4 and 6, 2017 | GOES-13 | 2017-09-05 0:40:00 | 2017-09-08 0:35:00 | 844.38 | 2017-09-08 15:40:00 | 87.17 | 4.15E+08 | 2.90E+05 |
| September 10, 2017 | GOES-13 | 2017-09-10 16:45:00 | 2017-09-11 11:45:00 | 1493.5 | 2017-09-14 18:50:00 | 98.08 | 1.89E+09 | 4.99E+07 |
GOES Proton Measurements for >100 MeV, 1 pfu Threshold
Updated 2021-04-29
GOES Protons | Threshold: >100 MeV exceeds 1 pfu
| SEP Event Date | Operational Satellite | >100 MeV, 1 pfu exceeded | >100 MeV Max Flux Time | >100 MeV Max Flux (pfu) | >100 MeV, 0.85*1 pfu End | >100 MeV Duration (Hours) | >10 MeV Fluence (cm-2) | >100 MeV Fluence (cm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 7, 2012 | GOES-13 | 2012-03-07 4:05:00 | 2012-03-07 15:25:00 | 69.272 | 2012-03-10 14:30:00 | 82.42 | 3.91E+09 | 6.77E+07 |
| May 17, 2012 | GOES-13 | 2012-05-17 2:00:00 | 2012-05-17 2:30:00 | 20.445 | 2012-05-17 16:30:00 | 14.5 | 7.43E+07 | 3.80E+06 |
| July 12, 2012 | GOES-13 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| April 11, 2013 | GOES-13 | 2013-04-11 9:40:00 | 2013-04-11 14:00:00 | 2.0297 | 2013-04-11 19:25:00 | 9.9 | 2.72E+07 | 7.11E+05 |
| January 6, 2014 | GOES-13 | 2014-01-06 8:30:00 | 2014-01-06 10:05:00 | 4.079 | 2014-01-06 18:50:00 | 10.33 | 1.50E+07 | 1.03E+06 |
| January 7, 2014 | GOES-13 | 2014-01-07 20:30:00 | 2014-01-07 22:40:00 | 4.2687 | 2014-01-08 12:45:00 | 16.25 | 4.37E+08 | 1.84E+06 |
| July 14, 2017 | GOES-13 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| September 4 and 6, 2017 | GOES-13 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| September 10, 2017 | GOES-13 | 2017-09-10 16:25:00 | 2017-09-10 22:15:00 | 68.128 | 2017-09-12 22:40:00 | 54.25 | 1.75E+09 | 4.91E+07 |
Suprathermal Seed Populations
Download images reporting all of the seed population input parameters here [ZIP].
Guidance on how to use the seed populations will be added. The idea is that modelers may apply a radial scaling to seed populations measured at 1 AU in order to convert them to spectra closer to the sun. iPATH described their approach to using these seed populations in a presentation at ISWAT 2021.
The suprathermal seed populations have been derived at 1 AU using measurements during quite periods prior to each SEP event. Seed populations were derived at Earth using ACE/ULEIS, ACE/EPAM, and Wind data. Seed populations were also derived at STEREO-A and B, when available. The ACE/ULEIS detector experiences high background levels particularly obvious during quiet times, so it is recommended that the ACE/ULEIS spectra provided here are not used.
A spectral form of a power law with an exponential rollover was fit to the data to provide the spectra in a form that may be input into SEP models.
The spectra are shown here, but the spectra along with plots of the solar wind conditions used to derive the spectra are shown on each of the individual SEP event pages.
2012-03-07
2012-05-17
2012-07-12
2013-04-11
2014-01-03 (for 2014-01-06 and 2014-01-07)
2017-07-14
2017-09-04
2017-09-10